近日，国家发展改革委、国家能源局联合下发了《关于加强和规范燃煤自备电厂监督管理的指导意见》。
该文件是落实电力体制改革的配套文件之一。
《意见》从规划建设、运行管理、责任义务、节能减排、市场交易、监督管理等方面对燃煤自备电厂的规范化发展提出了若干指导性意见，
对于促进燃煤自备电厂健康有序发展具有积极的指导作用。
自备电厂发挥了积极作用，也存在诸多问题
初步统计，2014年全国自备电厂装机容量超过1.1亿千瓦，约占当年全国总发电装机容量的8%左右。
自备电厂主要集中在钢铁、电解铝、石油化工、水泥等高载能行业，主要分布在资源富集地区和部分经济较发达地区。
机组类型以燃煤机组为主，燃煤自备机组占70%以上。
自备电厂在诸多方面发挥了积极作用：一是降低了企业生产成本，提高了企业竞争力，促进了资源富集地区的资源优势转化和特色产业发展；
二是提高了资源综合利用效率，部分自备电厂利用煤矸石、余热、余压等资源发电，有效节约了资源；三是承担了局部地区供热、供暖责任，
部分企业自备电厂在满足企业生产需求的同时，利用余量热能向周边地区居民供暖和其他企业供热，一定程度上促进了地方经济和社会发展。
但是，自备电厂的建设运营也存在不少问题，如：审批环节政出多门，未核先建、批建不符现象较严重；能耗指标、排放水平普遍偏高，
与公用机组有较明显差距；运营管理水平偏低，运行可靠性较差；参与电网调峰积极性不高，承担应有的社会责任不够等。
Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Strengthening and Standardizing the Supervision and Management of Self owned Coal Fired Power Plants.
This document is one of the supporting documents for implementing the reform of the power system.
The Opinion provides several guiding opinions on the standardized development of coal-fired self owned power plants from the aspects of planning and construction,
operation management, responsibility and obligations, energy conservation and emission reduction, market trading,
supervision and management, etc. It has a positive guiding role in promoting the healthy and orderly development of coal-fired self owned power plants.
Self owned power plants have played a positive role, but there are also many problems
Preliminary statistics show that in 2014, the installed capacity of self owned power plants in China exceeded 110 million kilowatts, accounting for about 8% of the total installed capacity of power generation in the country that year.
Self owned power plants are mainly concentrated in high energy industries such as steel, electrolytic aluminum,
petrochemicals, and cement, mainly distributed in resource rich areas and some economically developed areas. The main types of units are coal-fired units,
with coal-fired self owned units accounting for over 70%.
Self owned power plants have played a positive role in many aspects: firstly,
they have reduced the production costs of enterprises, improved their competitiveness,
promoted the transformation of resource advantages and the development of characteristic industries in resource rich areas; Secondly,
the comprehensive utilization efficiency of resources has been improved. Some self owned power plants utilize resources such as coal gangue, waste heat,
and residual pressure to generate electricity, effectively saving resources; The third is to assume the responsibility of local heating and heating.
Some enterprises have their own power plants that not only meet the production needs of enterprises,
but also use surplus heat energy to provide heating to surrounding residents and other enterprises, which to some extent promotes local economic and social development.
However, there are also many problems in the construction and operation of self owned power plants, such as: multiple government departments are involved in the approval process,
and the phenomenon of building before approval and not complying with the approval process is relatively serious;
The energy consumption indicators and emission levels are generally high, with a significant gap compared to public units;
Low level of operational management and poor operational reliability; The enthusiasm for participating in power grid peak shaving is not high, and the social responsibility is not enough.
