为公开透明实施煤电价格联动，促进煤电行业协调发展，近日，经国务院批准，国家发展改革委印发《关于完善煤电价格联动机制有关事项的通知》（以下简称《通知》），完善后的煤电价格联动机制自2016年1月1日起开始实施。
《通知》明确，煤电价格联动机制电价调整的依据是中国电煤价格指数，联动机制以一个年度为周期，由国家发展改革委统一部署启动，以省（区、市）为单位组织实施。按联动机制调整的上网电价和销售电价实施时间为每年1月1日。2015年9月，国家发展改革委价格监测中心、秦皇岛煤炭交易市场等机构已经建立并按月公布了中国电煤价格指数。中国电煤价格指数以各省监测的发电企业电煤到厂价为主，并吸收环渤海动力煤价格指数等影响力较大的市场监测数据形成，代表规格品为5000大卡电煤。
《通知》规定，2014年平均电煤价格为基准煤价，原则上以与2014年电煤价格对应的上网电价为基准电价。今后，每次实施煤电价格联动，电煤价格和上网电价分别与基准煤价、基准电价相比较计算。
《通知》规定，煤电价格实行区间联动，周期内电煤价格与基准煤价相比波动每吨30元为启动点，每吨150元为熔断点。当煤价波动不超过每吨30元，成本变化由发电企业自行消纳，不启动联动机制；煤价波动超过每吨150元的部分也不联动。煤价波动在每吨30元至150元之间的部分，实施分档累退联动，即煤炭价格波动幅度越大，联动的比例系数越小。
《通知》向社会公布了联动机制计算公式。上网电价调整后，按公式测算相应调整销售电价。其中，工商业用电价格相应调整，调整水平按燃煤机组上网电量、其他电源上网电量、外送外购电量情况以及节能环保电价等因素确定。居民生活、农业生产用电价格保持相对稳定。
《通知》同时强调，在完善煤电价格联动机制的同时，要坚持推进电价市场化改革，加快电力市场建设，逐步放开竞争性环节电力价格。参与电力市场交易的电量电价，由交易双方自主协商确定。
煤电价格联动机制的公开透明实施，将有利于合理引导社会预期，促进煤电市场稳定。
In order to openly and transparently implement the coal-electricity price linkage and promote the coordinated development of the coal-power industry, recently, with the approval of the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Circular on improving the Coal-electricity Price Linkage Mechanism (hereinafter referred to as the "Circular"). The improved coal-electricity price linkage mechanism will be implemented from January 1, 2016.
The notice makes it clear that the electricity price adjustment of the coal-electricity price linkage mechanism is based on China's power coal price index. the linkage mechanism takes one year as a cycle, is uniformly deployed and launched by the National Development and Reform Commission, and is organized and implemented in provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities).
The implementation time of feed-in electricity price and sales electricity price adjusted according to the linkage mechanism is January 1 every year.
In September 2015, the National Development and Reform Commission Price Monitoring Center and Qinhuangdao Coal Exchange Market and other institutions have established and published China's thermal coal price index on a monthly basis.
The price index of power coal in China is mainly based on the factory price of power generation enterprises monitored by each province, and absorbs the influential market monitoring data such as the price index of thermal coal around the Bohai Sea, which represents 5000 kcal of power coal.
According to the notice, the average thermal coal price in 2014 is the benchmark coal price, and in principle the feed-in electricity price corresponding to the 2014 thermal coal price is taken as the benchmark electricity price.
In the future, the price linkage of coal and electricity will be implemented each time, and the coal price and feed-in price will be compared with the benchmark coal price and the benchmark electricity price respectively.
The notice stipulates that coal and electricity prices are linked in an interval, with 30 yuan per ton as the starting point and 150 yuan per ton as the fuse point compared with the benchmark coal price during the cycle.
When the fluctuation of coal price does not exceed 30 yuan per ton, the cost change shall be absorbed by the power generation enterprises without starting the linkage mechanism, and the part of coal price fluctuation exceeding 150 yuan per ton will not be linked.
When the coal price fluctuates between 30 yuan and 150 yuan per ton, we will implement the step-by-step regression linkage, that is, the greater the range of coal price fluctuation, the smaller the proportional coefficient of the linkage.
The "notice" announced to the public the formula for calculating the linkage mechanism.
After the adjustment of the feed-in electricity price, the sales electricity price shall be adjusted according to the formula.
Among them, the price of industrial and commercial electricity is adjusted accordingly, and the adjustment level is determined according to factors such as the electricity consumption of coal-fired units, the power supply of other power sources, the amount of electricity purchased outside the country, and the electricity price for energy conservation and environmental protection.
The price of electricity for residents' daily life and agricultural production remained relatively stable.
The "notice" also stressed that while improving the linkage mechanism of coal and electricity prices, we should persist in promoting the market-oriented reform of electricity prices, speed up the construction of the electricity market, and gradually liberalize electricity prices in competitive links.
The electricity price participating in the transaction in the electricity market shall be determined by both parties through independent consultation.
The open and transparent implementation of the coal-electricity price linkage mechanism will help to reasonably guide social expectations and promote the stability of the coal-power market.
